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Polymer Antimicrobial Synergy Research

Recent studies have shown that certain polymers, such as branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), have the potential to be antimicrobial. We have been growing certain strains of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and adding in concentrations of ampicillin to find the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). This allows us to add in different concentrations of BPEI to test for synergy between our antibiotic and our polymer. To find the MIC of each antibiotic, we grew an overnight of the bacteria in Lysogeny Broth (LB) and let it inoculate for 20 hours. We then inoculated a 24 well culture cluster with LB, ampicillin, and bacteria. The volume of bacteria was 10μL to 1,000μL of LB, making a 1% concentration. The plates were checked after inoculating for 20 hours, and the results of whether there was growth or no growth would be charted. After finding the MICs of our bacteria, we began adding different amounts of BPEI, at a 1μg/mL concentration, to our bacteria and ampicillin concentrations to look for any signs of synergy. The same procedures as before were used when testing using the polymer. The results of the MIC of each bacteria are as the following: B. subtilis 1A578 was between 250μg/mL and 125μg/mL, B. subtilis 6051 was between 250μg/mL and 125μg/mL, and E. Coli ATTC11775 was between 4μg/mL and 2μg/mL. No clear synergy has been seen between BPEI and ampicillin

A Randomized Control Trial of Benefits of Intrahopsital Exercise on Post-Transplantation Deconditioning in the Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Deconditioning is a common adverse effect of short and long-term immobilization. For months pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients can be quarantined while hospitalized, much of which time is spent immobilized putting these patients at a higher risk for loss of muscle strength, functionality, endurance, and quality of life. Studies have shown that exercise as an effective countermeasure to deconditioning in stem cell transplant patients. However, research is lacking in pediatric HSCT due to the complications associated with treatment. This study was conducted to determine if there is a correlation between intrahopsital exercise and improved functionality, endurance, strength, and quality of life. In addition, this randomized control study looked at the merit and feasibility of adding an exercise routine into treatment plans. We have currently recruited 23 of our target 40 patients, 12 in the control arm and 11 in the intervention arm, ages 8-17 at Phoenix Children’s Hospital. Each participant received baseline measured by an OT or a PT for functionality using (WeeFIM), muscle strength using manual muscle testing (MMT), endurance using the 6-minute walk test, and quality of life using the NIH PROMIS measures. Measurements were taken again at discharge and 6-weeks post-discharge. During hospital admittance the intervention group performed exercise routines 3-times weekly while the control group were encouraged to spend time out of bed. Patients recruited were receiving their first HSCT and did not have any post-HSCT complications such as severe infection or GVHD. Data and results are limited due to the timepoint of the study and the limited number of recruited patients affecting the power of the study. No statistically significant difference is noted between the two arms in functional status, muscle strength, or endurance. There appears to be an increase in quality of life patients in the interventional arm compared to the control arm. Simple analysis has shown that compliance with time out of bed decreases across both groups the further away from transplant. Currently the study is midway, and data is limited to make any conclusions but shows promise.This item is part of the College of Medicine - Phoenix Scholarly Projects 2019 collection. For more information, contact the Phoenix Biomedical Campus Library at [email protected]

Crop Sharing in the Fishery and Industry Equilibrium

This article presents a model of commercial fishing in a stochastic environment that focuses on the labor-employment contract. In a partial equilibrium context, the authors show that when boat owners and crew members are risk-averse, crop sharing is the optimal contract, and the resultant labor employment level will be greater than with a (suboptimal) wage contract. Industry effects and steady-state resource growth limitations are introduced into a market equilibrium model. In this extended model, market equilibria will also involve sharing contracts. These will result in greater employment, which comes at the expense of reduced resource stocks and higher-than-necessary harvesting costs. The article also examines how industry regulation such as licensing, quotas, and subsidies will differ if the prevailing contract is cropsharing as compared with a wage. Despite the fact that cropsharing contracts are privately optimal in a regulated setting, they may not be socially optimal.wage contracts, crop-sharing contracts, equilibrium, fisheries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Economic Evaluation of Palliative Care in Ireland

This report examines the cost of providing palliative care in Ireland for individuals facing life-threatening illnesses, outcomes for patients and families resulting from that care, and the patterns and variations among the measures studied. Focusing their examination on three regional areas, researchers found:Wide variations in the availability of palliative care services across the regions.Significant differences in how those services are resourced and models of care.Despite the variation in availability and models of care, costs remain broadly the same across regions.Among the conclusions from examination of key outcomes for the patients:High patient satisfaction with palliative care services across all regions.Where available, hospice care is easier to access and rated more highly on every quality measure than in-hospital care.The ability to access in-hospice services in the last three months of life would be preferable for patients and may provide savings within hospitals